Challenges to Human Trafficking Prevention

The Worldwide Epidemiology

Question: Portray about The Article for Worldwide Epidemiolog. Answer: An individual is supposed to be fat if the individual have a high measure of the calories. Fat aides in keeping an individual sound however abundance fat isn't useful for heath. The authority fattest nation of Europe is the United Kingdom. In UK one out of each five grown-up is overweight and one in each fifteen is fat. It is evaluated from the ongoing investigations thatin the following 20 years the quantity of large grown-up in the nation will increment to 26 million individuals that is around seventy three percent of the all out populace (Jha et al. 2013pp.260-272.). The wellbeing specialists state that on the off chance that this proceeds, at that point it will hence bring about the ascent of in excess of a million additional instances of type 2 Diabetes, coronary illness and disease. In the year 1994 the quantity of instances of Type 2 Diabetes was 1.4 million which have reach to 2.9 million in present time and it might ascend to 5,000,000 in the year 2025 (Krijthe et al. 2013 p p.2746-2751.). Diabetes influences more than 9 percent of the worldwide populace. Past it was called as the grown-up beginning Diabetes yet now it is found in the youthful grown-ups and even the youngsters are likewise in some cases influenced by the illness. Being overweight and heftiness expands the odds of advancement of type 2 Diabetes. In this illness the sum insulin created by the body is sufficient however the cells become impervious to the activity of the insulin. This happens in such a case that somebody is overweight then the inner parts of the individual cells gets focused. Especially because of gorging the membranous system present inside the cells regularly known as Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) gets focused. At the point when this ER needs to process more supplement than the limit it can deal with, a caution is convey by the ER. This sign demand the cell to hose down the insulin receptors on the cell surface (Kaufman et al. 2014 pp.2233-2239.). This at last outcome in the insulin opposition and because of that the grouping of sugar and glucose in the blood builds which is one of the definite indication of framing diabetes. Likewise the fat tissue is the wellspring of a few compound signs, cytokines and hormones to different tis sues. The TNFwhich is a provocative cytokine, actuates the NF-B pathwaythat is connected to the creating system of the insulin safe (Wort et al. 2016 pp. A6592-A6592). These irritation related cytokine found in the fat individuals brings about the creation of the littler and less mitochondria than ordinary and in this way making the body progressively inclined to insulin safe. The consequence of increment in the fat tissue is that the body secretes RBP4, this expands the insulin opposition by hindering the insulins activity in the liver and muscle. Likewise the nearness of fat in the body may cause a diminishing in the degree of adiponectin which acts in the contrary method of RBP4. In this manner both the low degree of adiponectin and elevated level of RBP4 expands the danger of improvement of Diabetes (Vieira et al 2015). Muscle to fat ratio can't be diminish by eliminating dietary fat. The dietary fat like the proteins and sugar additionally give vitality to the body. On the off chance that a greater number of calories are devoured in a day than it is utilized, at that point the body changes over the overabundance calories into fat. It is demonstrated by the clinical investigations that high fat eating regimens are not the immediate reason for overabundance muscle versus fat. Anyway the first actuality is that low fat or the fat free nourishments can likewise expand generally muscle versus fat in light of the fact that the fats that are evacuated are frequently supplanted by high measures of starches, sugars and calories. Studies show that immersed fats may expand the all out blood cholesterol and low thickness lipoproteins which bring about the danger of type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular illness. The substantiates actuality is that not just these thing are not by any means the only explanation of expanding the muscle to fat ratio. The eating regimen which are wealthy in creature fat like margarine, red meat, eggs, bundled nourishments, full-fat dairy food and seared food sources are additionally answerable for causing the infections like sort 2 Diabetes. To keep away from the event of these infection an eating routine which underscores the fish, entire and plant based food like the vegetables, natural products, grains, beans, olive oil and nuts ought to be followed. Late examinations show that this sort of diet causes numerous medical advantages, for example, diminished the danger of death, cardiovascular ailment and type 2 Diabetes. Numerous specialists additionally propose the patient to follow th is sort of diet in their day by day schedule. The muscle versus fat is the fundamental explanation of Type 2 diabetes in excess of 64 percent instances of diabetes in the men and 77 percent instances of diabetes in ladies (Chen et al. 2012 pp.228-236.). It is discovered that heftiness has contributed in roughly in excess of 55 percent of the instances of type 2 diabetes.Millions of individuals are experiencing type 2 Diabetes and can be restored just by losing their weight. The analyst of Newcastle University have demonstrated that the ailment is brought about by the collection of the fat in the pancreas and just by losing just a single gram consistently from the organ can make it conceivable to turn around this life constraining disease and the degree of insulin creation can be reestablished. Type 2 Diabetes can be exceptionally interminable and can prompt stroke, visual impairment, kidney disappointment, and appendage removal. New looks into have additionally indicated that even the fat individuals who are having the sickness can invert it. What these patient need to do is that they need to make it sure that the weight reduction they are experiencing can be practical for long terms and clearly to this the people groups have battle a lot.This weight reduction will likewise cause the individuals to feel lighter and they will be genuinely progressively dynamic. A significant wellbeing advancement battle has been embraced by the Department of Health to lessen the rate of type 2 diabetes by handling stoutness in the number of inhabitants in UK. The crusade has two essential methodologies that incorporate helping the patients to distinguish whether the individuals are going towards unforeseen weakness and create Diabetes 2 by being stout or overweight and offering guiding to lessen weight in a stepwise way. The battle has additionally built up a site for supporting the crusade by giving pragmatic counsel and accommodating tips for decreasing their weight and estimating their abdomen. As indicated by the chief of the battle Mr. Johnson, UK is authoritatively nation in the landmass of Europe and this frequency is assessed to increment in the following 20 years. It isn't understood by the majority of the individuals in UK that they are hefty and is at a danger of creating Diabetes 2 (Dahlgren and Whitehead 2016). Thusly, the crusade means to adva nce prosperity and wellbeing and decrease wellbeing imbalances and this is the explanation of mounting this novel activity. The coordinators of the battle need the individuals to consider creeping towards the improvement of a few sicknesses because of weight and find a way to address them. The battle helped the members to clarify the different unfriendly wellbeing impacts by empowering making changes in way of life that are reasonable and little that will eventually assist them with maintaining a fair weight (Malik, Willett and Hu 2013). These little changes are attainable for the members to achieve and can step by step move towards a major contrast. The little advances taken by the members helped them to improve their wellbeing by keeping up a fair weight. The Department of Health means to work all through the nation and compose comparable battles to make it simple for the populace to pick more advantageous choices and remain dynamic. Corpulence is developing in UK as a way of life pandemic that is undermining the prosperity and soundness of the populace and expands the occurrence of Diabetes 2. This battle has been viewed as a forward leap and convenient advance to enable the individuals to get more fit and forestall Diabetes 2 by rolling out positive improvements. Different associations have approached to build up the crusade and offer thoughts that will support the individuals and urge them to receive better living with solid weight control plans and action. The battle urged the members to quantify their midsection and this is advantageous for them as a greater amount of this action will show them of their way of life decisions and the effect that could have on their wellbeing. Reference Chen, L., Magliano, D.J. what's more, Zimmet, P.Z., 2012. The overall the study of disease transmission of type 2 diabetes mellituspresent and future points of view. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(4), pp.228-236. Dahlgren, D. what's more, Whitehead, M., 2016. European Strategies for handling social disparities in wellbeing: step up part 2.World. Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., Saran, R., Wang, A.Y.M. what's more, Yang, C.W., 2013. Constant kidney sickness: worldwide measurement and viewpoints. The Lancet, 382(9888), pp.260-272. Kaufman, R.J. what's more, Malhotra, J.D., 2014. Calcium dealing incorporates endoplasmic reticulum work with mitochondrial bioenergetics. BiochimicaetBiophysicaActa (BBA)- Molecular Cell Research, 1843(10), pp.2233-2239. Krijthe, B.P., Kunst, A., Benjamin, E.J., Lip, G.Y., Franco, O.H., Hofman, A., Witteman, J.C., Stricker, B.H. furthermore, Heeringa, J., 2013. Projections on the quantity of people with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060. European heart diary, 34(35), pp.2746-2751. Malik, V.S., Willett, W.C. furthermore, Hu, F.B., 2013. Worldwide weight: patterns, hazard variables and approach implications.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,9(1), pp.13-27. Vieira, P., Castoldi, An., Aryal, P., Wellenstein, K., Yore, M., Peroni, O. what's more, Kahn, B., 2015. CTLA4-Ig treatment improves RBP4-initiated fat tissue aggravation and insulin obstruction activated by MyD88, JNK, ERK and p38 pathways (IRC8P. 443). The Journal of Immunology, 194(1 Supplement), pp.129-7. Wort, J., Chung, F., Adcock, I.M., Mumby, S. what's more, Natsuki, A., 2016. TNF Stimulates an Inflammatory Response in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMECs): The Role of NF-B And BET Proteins. In D26. I'M ON FIRE-INFLAMMATION IN PULMONARY VASCULAR DISEASE (pp. A6

Lawrence

Lawrence Lawrence. 1 City (1990 pop. 26,763), Marion co., central Ind., a residential suburb of Indianapolis, on the West Fork of the White River. It has light manufacturing. 2 City (1990 pop. 65,608), seat of Douglas co., NE Kans., on the Kansas River; inc. 1858. Although agricultural trade is economically important, the city's major employer is the Univ. of Kansas. There is also commercial printing and the manufacture of medical, construction, and communications equipment; feeds; fertilizers; chemicals; textiles; asphalt; and paper products. Lawrence was founded in 1854 by the New England Emigrant Aid Company . The political center of the free-staters, it was actually, though not legally, capital for a short time after 1857. Lawrence was an important stop on the Underground Railroad and the base for many Abolitionist organizations. In 1856 a proslavery raid on the town instigated the retaliatory Pottawatomie killings by John Brown . In 1863 the town was again sacked and burned by William Quantrill . The Plymouth Congregational Church there was the first church built (1854) by settlers in Kansas. Lawrence is also the seat of the Haskell Indian Nations Univ. (1884). 3 City (1990 pop. 70,207), a seat of Essex co., NE Mass., on the Merrimack River; settled 1655, set off from Andover and Methuen 1847, inc. as a city 1853. It is a port of entry. Textiles, clothing, electrical equipment, athletic shoes, and rubber and paper products are manufactured. High-technology industries in the area also contribute to Lawrence's economy. Boston capitalists laid out an industrial town there in 1845 and built a granite dam on the Merrimack River. They also built mills and workers' dwellings, which were soon crowded with laborers, mainly from Europe, and Lawrence became one of the world's greatest centers for woolen textiles. Several disastrous events have occurred thereâ€"the collapse and burning of the Pemberton Mill in 1860, when over 500 trapped workers were killed or i njured; the tornado of 1890; and the protracted labor strike by the Industrial Workers of the World in 1912. Leonard Bernstein was born there. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Learning and Development as an Important Element of Human...

Contents TOC o 1-3 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc333227035 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc333227035 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227036 The stakeholders in the training process PAGEREF _Toc333227036 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227037 The aims and objectives for the session PAGEREF _Toc333227037 h 1 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227038 The role of leadership in strategic human resource PAGEREF _Toc333227038 h 2 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227039 An outline of the content planned for the session PAGEREF _Toc333227039 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227040 Delivery methods PAGEREF _Toc333227040 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227041 Assessment methods PAGEREF _Toc333227041 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc333227042 References PAGEREF _Toc333227042 h 6 Introduction Learning and development (LD) is an important element of human resource management. This is because it relates to the organizational activity and strategy aimed at improving the performance of individuals as well as groups within the organizational setting (Harrison,2005).The concept of training and development is made up of three main activities: employee training, employee education as well as employee development. The three activities even though are separate, are inevitably interrelated. The training element is an activity which is focussed on as well as evaluated against the job descriptions of a given individual (Montana Charnov,2000).The education element is mainly concerned with the jobs that a given individual may hold in the future and isShow MoreRelatedREVIEWING THE HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT APPROACH ADOPTED IN AN ORGANISATION1332 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿human resources management and development INTRODUCTION There are a variety of ways to approach the management of human resources in an organisation. Nevertheless, any approach fits within the continuum between the broad approaches of â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† (J. Riley, 2012). That is, the human resource management approach in an organisation tends to adopt elements of both the â€Å"soft† and â€Å"hard† approaches. (Armstrong, M., 2009). Whatever the approach takenRead MoreThe Development Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry1410 Words   |  6 Pages the development of tourism and hospitality employment is important in developing countries. WTTC had done the research and found out that in future 10 years there will be a shortage or a talent ‘deficit’ in tourism and hospitality industry in 46 different countries. (WTTC, 2015) Indirectly, this will become the biggest challenge for Human resource department if there is a shortage of talented employees in human resource department and in the hospi tality industry. Therefore, talented human resourceRead MoreHuman Resource Is the Most Important Asset of an Organization1180 Words   |  5 Pagesadvance equipments, new technology, good marketing strategic, excellent customer services and many other elements can be the factors to build up for the advantages. However, human resource is still the most important element to determining the success or failure of an organization. Without their support, the organization daily business function will not be done well and ready. Human resource is always related to one organization profitability and their ability cannot be replaced by machines. As isRead MoreProfessional Development : An Exploration Of Their Relationships By Integrating Literature And Interview Data1241 Words   |  5 Pagescontinuing professional development: An exploration of their relationships by integrating literature and interview data. Nurse Education Today, 38, 22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.01.004 By means of a qualitative study, the research offered by Pool, Poell, Berings, and ten Cate, explores, defines, and expounds on the topic of continued education as it relates to new and established professionals. The purpose of this study was to understand how professional development and motivation are relatedRead MoreThe Role Of Hrm Policies And The Wider Organisational Strategy1092 Words   |  5 Pagesof selection, career development and reward policies that will be effective for the organisation. There are also longer-term effects from HRM policy which have an impact on the quality of trust and relationships through which knowledge is shared. Newell et al (2002) note that there is something that emerges in an organisation ‘bottom-up’ out of informal interaction, which is not something which can be enforced top-down. Therefore HRM policies of the organisation are important in shaping the environmentRead More Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1236 Words    |  5 Pages2010) defined Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) as â€Å"an approach to making decisions on the intentions and plans of the organisation in the shape of the policies, programmes and practices concerning the employment relationship, resourcing, learning and development, performance management , rewards and employee relationships,† ( p. 115). There is a paradigm shift from a functional role to a tactical one through the strategic management process. SHRM is very important to the effectivenessRead More2.2.2.4. Main Domains Of School Improvement Program. The1443 Words   |  6 Pagesmeasurable improvements in student results. It is important for all Committee members to have a good understanding of the SIP Framework as it has been developed specifically to improve student results. According to the guide line, there are 4 Domains and 12 Elements in the SIP Framework. Under the 12 Elements there are 24 Standards (MOE, 2010:12-17). Domain 1: Teaching and Learning Under this domain there are three elements namely teaching, learning and evaluation and curriculum; and also there areRead MoreThe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Diana Williams National American University Understanding the Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Human Resource Development Human resource management (HRM) is the umbrella under which all other human resource activities are found. Some of the major activities under the umbrella are: benefits and compensation, health safety and security, human resource planning, staffing, equal employmentRead MoreThe Organizational Learning Strategy And How It Is Significant As Essential1369 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will summarize the organizational learning strategy and how it is significant as well as essential, specifically in the course of the progression periods of a company, or once new technology or new techniques within an industry are implemented. As a result, organizational learning has established itself to be one of the most efficient ways for an entire company, a division or a team to accept a wide range of new polls, tactics and concepts to allow for growth and improvement (Senge, 1990)Read MoreThe Development Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry929 Words   |  4 Pagesthe development of tourism a nd hospitality employment is important in developing countries. WTTC had done the research and found out that in future 10 years there will be a shortage or a talent ‘deficit’ in tourism and hospitality industry in 46 different countries. (WTTC, 2015) Indirectly, this will become the biggest challenge for Human resource department if there is a shortage of talented employees in human resource department and also in the hospitality industry. Therefore, talented human resource

Literary Analysis Of Emily Griersons Death In Faulkner

This is a gothic tale following a tragic figure spanning nearly three decades. .Emily Grierson a penniless spinster not of her own choosing enumerating her life journey into isolation and psychosis. The last of the aristocratic Grierson family who called the town of Jefferson home nestled in Yoknapatawpha County Mississippi. She is unable to move forward with a changing time as she clings to her family’s former privileged social status, as a result she cannot let go of the past. The townsfolk collectively narrates the story first person through gossip and hearsay. Rich in imagery the story is told non-linear fashion, making great use of both flashback and fore-shadowing in five parts. In essence temporal jumps from the present to past and†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, Emily proves to be a strong willed person treating the men sent to collect taxes from her away like children. The story draws from the past a similar situation â€Å"That was two years earlier after her fa-ther’s death and a short time after her sweetheart-the one we believed would marry her-had de-serted her† (Faulkner 310). When her sweet heart leaves, she begins periods of seclusion. Tobe, her manservant is described as coming to and fro from the house with the market basket. Her house and property begin to smell bad. For this reason, the townsfolk believe it is due to Tobe being a man does not belong in the kitchen essentially making it foul or he likely killed an animal in the yard. After more complaints and the younger alderman insisting on confronting Emily Judge Stevens responds â€Å"Dammit sir, will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?† (Faulkner 311) and he sends men to her property at night to spread lime as not to embarrass her by doing it during daylight. Here is another example of tradition dictating the action and trump-ing modernity. In this li ght, I get the clear sense the older generation of townsfolk are enablers of Emily. Although the townsfolk knew of Emily’s great aunt going mad years earlier they ignored Emily’s outward signs of a fragile metal state. Thus, they simply chalk it up as southern debu-tante eccentricities of privilege. To illustrate, her denial of her father’s death when â€Å"Miss Emily met them at theShow MoreRelated The Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Even the casual reader of William Faulkner will recognize the element of time as a crucial one in much of the writers work, and the critical attention given to the subject of time in Faulkner most certainly fills many pages of criticism. A goodly number of those pages of criticism deal with the well-known short story, A Rose for Emily. Several scholars, most notably Paul McGlynn, have worked to untangle the confusing chronologyRead MoreEmily Grierson Motive to Kill Homer Barron1425 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an intriguing tale of the life and death of Emily Grierson, who ends up killing her male companion, Homer Barron. A motive is not stated by the narrator, but when read critically a motive can be found. Several Literary critics have proposed different motives of why Emily Grierson killed Homer Barron. Some say that Homer was going to jilt Emily. Although homer was the not the marrying type, there is no evidence that homer wa s going to leave her. Another motiveRead MoreThe Importance Of Time In A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner917 Words   |  4 PagesRose for Emily,† is one his works that time is a crucial element. Several scholars have worked to understand the confusing chronology of this work, while others have given many reasons for Emily Grierson’s refusal to acknowledge the passage of time. Through all the years of careful literary analysis, no one has addressed one highly significant detail. When readers are first introduced to Miss Emily, she carries in her pocket an invisible watch ticking at the end of [a] gold chain (Faulkner 121). WhyRead MoreEmily Killing Homer: A Crime of Passion or an Act of a Frightened Girl864 Words   |  3 PagesEmily Killing Homer: a Crime of Passion or Act of Frightened Girl Faulkner’s tail of â€Å"A Rose for Emily † is a tail of thousand stories. Set up in the old south, at the same time it intrigues you and dazzles you. It tells the story of a daughter from an upper class family that ends up killing her male companion, Homer Baron. A motive for killing him is not stated in the story, but if red carefully one could be implied. Critiques disagree on what might have motived Emily to kill homer. Some sayRead MoreEssay on Connecting Symbols in A Rose for Emily1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe literary world contains a vast collection of works, each employing diverse techniques in writing. One technique commonly found in literature is the use of images and symbols. Symbols are sometimes complex and contain both literal and figurative significance. Symbolism in literature is commonly used to bind the attributes of an object with various segments of a story to provide the reader with a deeper understanding and sometimes hidden meaning. In th e short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† WilliamRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead More Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay2369 Words   |  10 PagesFaulkners short story is the relationship between the past and present in Emily Grierson, the protagonist. She did not accept the passage of time throughout all her life, keeping everything she loved in the past with her. The story shows Emilys past and her family story. This information explains her behaviour towards time. Firstly, her fathers lack of desire to move on into the future and his old-fashioned ways kept Emily away from the changing society and away from any kind of social relationship: Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Chalice Chapter 18 Free Essays

She would have to marry him. Marry the new Master, and bear his child. The Overlord looked up at her, at the Chalice, standing at the top of the House steps, and made her the least possible bow: just enough of an acknowledgement that he should be seen to be acknowledging her. We will write a custom essay sample on Chalice Chapter 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now She prevented herself from closing her eyes, met the Overlord’s gaze steadily, and made the tiniest of bows in return. Whatever he had in mind for her later, he needed her now. And would a short life be bad, if she were Horuld’s wife? The Master was offered the choice of the swords. He still wore his billow of cloak, and the sleeves tangled with the filigree around the case’s edge. He needed both hands to lift his sword – his choice was merely the one that lay nearer. She thought she saw him hesitating before touching the hilt, perhaps so that he would not burn the fine lining of the case. Horuld, stripped to his shirt, stepped forward and seized the other sword with a flourish. Holding it aloft in a gesture she disliked intensely, he too looked up to the head of the House stairs, and his bow was as flourishing as his grasp on the sword. But when he straightened out of his bow his gaze too seemed to go above the heads of the Chalice and the Grand Seneschal, and the sword wavered slightly. She thought, He knows he is not fit to govern this or any demesne. She gave him the same tiny acknowledgement she had given the Overlord. She would have preferred to give him no acknowledgement at all. But if he won†¦when he won, when this grotesque charade was over with†¦. Two of Horuld’s – or the Overlord’s – folk paced out and stood at two of the corners of the area where the faenorn would take place. There was a brief pause, and the Master seemed to shake himself. He began to say something – and then two of the demesne folk came forward and bowed awkwardly; she could see the gestures – equally awkward – of asking leave to speak to the matter at hand. At first she recognised neither of the men, and strained to see, because they were finely dressed, like members of the Circle, but with none of the individual marks and badges that identified each Circle member; that and their strange gracelessness with the ritual gestures†¦. One of them was Lody the shepherd, and the other, the butcher for the House kitchens; Gess? No, Gresh. Although he was still a young man, he bought honey from her for his aching knee – a hunting accident, he had told her. She glanced at the Seneschal, who gave a tiny nod. â€Å"They volunteered,† he said. â€Å"They have no families.† Little to lose, she translated silently. Little to lose, and courageous with it, and briefly her eyes blurred with tears. The Overlord’s men carried tokens for north and south, tree and fruit; the shepherd and butcher held those for east and west, the sun and the earth. Mirasol suddenly became aware of her hands in their empty cradling; and almost without thinking, she pulled the bag over her shoulder forward, and opened it. Still watching the people on the ground, she groped for the shape of a particular jar and lifted it out. It wasn’t till she looked at it that she realised what she was doing – or rather that she didn’t know what she was doing – but her hands seemed to know, her Chalice hands. The jar her hand had chosen – and it was an odd old wooden jar, a recognisable crooked shape under her fingers, a reject because it would not sit straight on a shelf, the only empty jar she could find when at the last minute she’d decided to take a little more honey on her journey, a little of the mysterious honey, the honey that seemed to suggest laughter and jo y and a long bright horizon, the strong-tasting honey whose distinguishing source she could not identify. She’d almost laughed when she decanted it because the bigger crock it lived in was also very crooked, not merely a reject but so lopsided that her mother had kept trying to throw it out, and her father kept rescuing it; and when her father died her mother kept it after all, for those memories of him. Mirasol had thought, as she carefully poured, that perhaps this honey had an affinity for those who do not sit securely, who do not rest peacefully, who limp instead of walk. She hadn’t quite been able to laugh, but she’d been smiling when she tucked it into its corner of a saddlebag, and the smile had been as refreshing as cold water on a hot day. This was the honey that had given her energy in the sennight past when she had none, the honey she had put last into the cup for her last-of-all stop on the pavilion hill. It was the honey she had given the Master, the day he had come to her cottage, and a bee had stung him. She opened it because why else would she have taken the jar out? The smell of it made her think of the last dream she had had, on the pavilion hill. It was not easy to arrange her hands in any Chalice grasp on a small round crooked wooden pot, but she managed. She held the little fat shapeless thing against her breast, beneath her chin, and the smell of the honey, even in these circumstances, still tried to make her smile. She was not thinking of her bees, but as she fitted herself into the Chalice stance, composing herself to stand true and straight and still, like a statue on its plinth, several bees landed on the backs of her hands, and several more on her hair – and one on the end of her nose. Again she tried to smile – as if there is a smile here, as real as a bee, trying to make me wear it, she thought, as I am trying to hold – to wear – being Chalice. Even with no chalice. to hold as evidence. â€Å"Welcome, my little friends,† she whispered. â€Å"Do you remember your Master, who saved your sister?† If the Grand Seneschal heard her, he gave no sign. Probably he was watching the scene below too closely to notice her or her bees. Awkwardly the Master raised his sword in the ritual gesture. Gracefully Horuld did the same. One of Mirasol’s Chalice hands loosed itself from holding the little jar, and with the same formality as if the gesture were a ritual as old as Chalices, as old as demesnes and Masters, extended its forefinger, drew it through the jar, and put the finger in Mirasol’s mouth. The flavour bloomed on her tongue. Thousands of years of Chalices, following the practises and services, the ceremonies and conventions, binding the demesnes, listening and speaking to the earthlines, sustaining and strengthening their Masters, witnessing the work of the Circle, doing as they must, and as every Chalice had done before and would do after them. Even when a Chalice died suddenly with no apprentice, the force of the tradition would lift and carry – no, sweep, flood, overcome – her inheritor into what she had inherited; into the Chalice way. It had always been like this; it had been this way since the demesnes were drawn. Chalices did not create; they cultivated. There had never been a honey Chalice before. The flavour of the honey filled her mouth; it felt as if it were seeping through the skin of her mouth and tongue, into her blood, running through her body with every beat of her heart. The Master and Heir each took the ritual step forward, lowering the blades of their swords, and then stepped back again, again raising the blades to the beginning position. The Master stumbled as he stepped back, and again needed two hands to steady his sword. Any decent man would refuse to raise a sword against a Fire-priest whose strength is in Fire, not swordplay, she thought. Any Heir fit to be Master of a demesne would refuse to go through with this. The faenorn began. Horuld danced forward, one step, two steps. And the Master – as she had known he would – dropped his sword, spread his arms and stepped forward. And at the top of the grand front stair of the House, the Chalice stepped forward too and screamed No through the taste of the honey in her mouth. And the bees – hundreds of thousands, millions of bees, the Chalice’s own bees, the House bees, the wild bees of the forests, the bees of hundreds of hives in hundreds of meadows and gardens and glades all over the demesne – the bees plunged down from where they had hovered above the roof of the House, making a noise more like thunder than like the humming of bees, and covered the faenorn field in a black cloud. The Overlord seemed frozen where he stood; the four men at the four corners of the field stepped uncertainly back, seemingly more bewildered than frightened. The faenorn field seethed with bees, peaking like sea waves lashed by storm winds. There was one shriek above their thunder, a man’s voice: â€Å"I’m on fire! Burning – I’m burning!† And then†¦nothing. Perhaps half the bees flew away, dispersing like ordinary bees, making a humming noise as they went no different from any ordinary bees. The rest remained, lying in dark motionless heaps and hummocks over the space at the foot of the stair that ran up to the front doors of the House from the edge of the parkland and the end of the drive. The squared-off faenorn arena, as well as the crescent of gravelled drive, had disappeared under the dunes of dead bees. My bees, Mirasol thought. My bees! What have I done! But she was the first to move. Still clutching her jar of honey, with the leather saddlebag still banging on her hip, she ran down the steps and waded into the rough sea of dead bees. There was one hummock, bigger and blacker than the rest, where the bees were all her own. My bees, she thought, weeping. She fell on her knees beside the hummock, and for a moment hesitated, not in fear but in sorrow; and then she leaned forward, her free hand disappearing to the shoulder as she brushed away the bodies of her bees, golden glints appearing and disappearing as the yellow stripes on their bellies appeared and disappeared. What was under the hummock moved. The Master sat up. His cloak was gone; he was bare-headed and bare-chested. His skin was the colour of Mirasol’s, and his eyes were brown. He looked up, first at her, then at the sky; then at his own hands. He touched the back of one with the other. It was an ordinary, easy, smooth, human gesture. Mirasol stood up and offered him her hand, and he grasped it – grasped it with no hesitation – to stand up too, although he moved lithely and gracefully. His hand was no warmer than Mirasol’s own. He was wearing but a few tattered rags; she let go of his hand to take off her own cloak and drape it round him. He smiled at her. She held out her jar of honey. He took it doubtfully, and stood looking at it. â€Å"It’s only honey,† she said. â€Å"It’s the honey you ate with me, the afternoon you and Ponty came to my cottage.† â€Å"Only honey,† he said musingly, and his voice too was human, deep and resonant, with none of the crackly disturbing echoes of Fire. â€Å"I am not sure I can think of ‘only honey’ ever again. I saw you, just now, at the top of the stair, holding this little pot of honey as your chalice. straight and proud as any jewelled queen, with your saddlebag over your shoulder and the dust of your journey still on you. I knew I had no hope left – I had even convinced myself that I was relieved that the struggle was about to be over, because I knew I had already lost. And when I looked up and saw you as you were, in no gaudy robes and bearing no solemn goblet – suddenly I had hope.† â€Å"I did not see you looking,† said Mirasol. â€Å"I did not want you to see,† said the Master. â€Å"And I looked away quickly, because I knew the hope was false. I knew – I think I knew – that it was not really about hope, it was about looking at you. And so I looked at Horuld, and at his sword, and reminded myself that they were about to kill me.† â€Å"But you have been helping me, this sennight past,† said Mirasol, and as she spoke she was sure she was speaking the truth. â€Å"The earthlines were waiting for me. I did not have to reach for them; they were already looking for me, turning toward me. You cannot have been doing it only for the demesne. That is too bleak, too bitter, and the earthlines would have felt this, and shied away from me.† â€Å"I did it for you,† he said. â€Å"You and our demesne. I might have gone mad, these last days, waiting for my death, staring endlessly at my failure, prisoned in my rooms, in my body, because I did not wish to go out among my people and force them to choose how to react to me – in these last few days, before my weakness forced an outblood Master on them. I had to do something. The Ladywell and the First Tree told me what you were doing, and so I went on before you where I could. Most of the earthlines were already roused; even the air over our demesne, this sennight, has been restless and fretful; the earthlines were feeling the apprehension in every foot, hoof and paw pressed against the ground. It was a matter only of helping them to look for you, to tell them you were coming. But at the pavilion hill I could do nothing.† â€Å"No,† Mirasol said slowly, thinking of the dream she had had there only the night before, of the wedding, and the bees. â€Å"No. I think it did hear you. I think it is trying to come back to us, as you did, from Fire. It is having a difficult journey. We will go there – tomorrow – and try to reach it. Try to lead it home.† â€Å"Tomorrow,† he said, and smiled. Mirasol saw that he had a beautiful smile. She dropped her eyes to the pot of honey he was still holding. â€Å"I am still Chalice,† she said, â€Å"and I bear witness to this meeting. I have offered you a cup, and you must drink.† â€Å"I believe in the luck of the Chalice – of this Chalice. Of my Chalice,† he said, and he took one of her hands and gently placed the honey jar in it, folded both his hands around it, and, that way, raised the jar to his mouth; together they tipped it, and she saw a flash of gold, brighter even than her bees’ bellies, as the honey poured onto his tongue. They dropped their linked hands, but Mirasol’s free hand found one of the Master’s, and when they turned to look round them, they did so with their hands clasped. Other folk had begun to move uncertainly through the swirls of bees flung over the faenorn ground. There was a muted exclamation when they found Horuld’s body. Mirasol looked over at it, almost indifferently, but with a touch of fear like a bad memory. It was, at first glance, difficult to differentiate from the dead bees that had covered it. He was black and shrivelled, as if burnt in a fire to temper sword steel, his legs drawn up and his hands curled into claws. He wasn’t recognisable as Horuld; he was barely recognisable as human. The Overlord made an inarticulate sound, of grief or of rage. He did not move from where he stood – from where he had stood since the sword box had been opened, and the Heir had danced lightly forward to kill the Master – but he made a sharp gesture, and two of his folk ran to the carriage and, after a moment’s confusion, brought a blanket to where the pathetic remains of Horuld lay, and wrapped them up in it. Mirasol thought, watching, that what was left weighed nothing at all, as if it were barely more than ash, and would have fallen to dust by the time it was carried to†¦she thought, I don’t even know Horuld’s home demesne. Deager told us – that among many other things – but I don’t remember. Or perhaps the Overlord will take it to his own great estate outside the capital city, and bury it there. But Horuld – what was left of Horuld – was being taken away. Away from Willowlands. That was all that mattered. She was still watching as the two men carried their light burden back to the carriage, when her gaze crossed the Overlord’s. He was staring at her, his face blazing with†¦something she could not read, and did not want to. When he had looked at her long enough, his scorching stare shifted to the Master, standing handfast beside her. The Grand Seneschal had followed her more slowly to the foot of the stairs and stood now on the shore of the bee-ocean, its outer limits barely brushing his toes. He too had been looking at the Overlord, but he felt Mirasol’s gaze, and he turned to look at her, smiled faintly and began to wade toward them. When he came close enough to speak privately, he murmured, â€Å"I had taught myself to like the prospect of retirement; of enough sleep every night, and meals taken at table, not at my desk. But you will need me, I think. Your Chalice, Master, sees all things clearly, which is both her strength and her weakness.† Mirasol could feel her cheeks go hot; it was true, she could, at this moment, only think that they had won, after all, won when there was no possibility of their winning. In a moment she would remember that she had made a bad enemy, and that the game was not over, and perhaps would never be over in her lifetime. Her mind shifted immediately to its second-most familiar track: after the question of what cup to mix next was always the question of what knowledge to seek next. Had any faenorn before now been won or lost by external agency? And had there been thereby any attempt to set its result aside, to declare it void? No. It would not happen in this case, whatever tradition there might be – and she would find out if there were any such tradition. No Master who could guide and direct the earthlines all over his demesne from self-exile in his rooms at the House would have his demesne taken away from him. No such Master who was also human. The Overlord was still staring at the Master, and he seemed utterly absorbed in what he was thinking, but at the sound of his carriage door closing on what had been the Heir he turned on his heel and strode back to his carriage himself. Someone leaped forward to open the door again for him. He climbed the carriage steps as if treading on the bodies of his enemies, and the squeal of the springs sounded like a protest or a lament. He turned and sat down, now staring straight ahead, facing the padded seat where – presumably – Horuld had sat on his journey here, the journey both had confidently expected to result in his assumption of the Mastership of Willowlands. Briefly Mirasol imagined a pathetic lump, blanket-shrouded, on that seat now. The Overlord’s folk dithered a little, and then moved to their places in the smaller carriage or mounted their horses. Mirasol suddenly recognised Deager: he looked twenty years older and†¦frightened. She wouldn’t have known it was he to look at his face; it was his walk that she recognised, and was shocked, then, at the face he turned toward her, toward her and her Master and the Grand Seneschal, standing only a little distance from him, in the dark, eerie, temporary new landscape created by the bees who had died to keep the demesne for its real Master, and out of the hands of the Overlord and his false Heir. Deager turned toward them only long enough for her to identify him, then turned away quickly, and almost ran to his carriage, the second, smaller, plainer one behind the Overlord’s own. Coachmen were clambering up to their perches and taking up reins; postilions let go horses’ heads and climbed to their places. The Overlord’s party left without saying a single word since Horuld had cried â€Å"I’m burning!† although a few of them glanced back, as Deager had, at the House, its Master, Chalice and Grand Seneschal, as they turned down the drive. The Overlord’s coachman was one of those who looked; but of them all only three of the riders following the carriages, out of the Overlord’s sight even had he stopped staring at the seat in front of him and chosen to look round him, gave the proper salutation to the faenorn victor. Mirasol, holding her Master’s hand in hers, remembered thinking that as Chalice, witness and cup bearer, she would be spared having to make that sign to Horuld. â€Å"I am grateful to have a Chalice who sees clearly, and will gladly bear her weakness for her strength,† said the Master. â€Å"I fear that she will have to teach me to see anything at all – everything. You will have to say to me ‘House,’ ‘tree,’ ‘stair,’ ‘horse’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and as he spoke, while she could hear that he spoke in jest, she could also hear that he spoke the truth: he had to make an effort, each time, as he identified House, tree, stair and horse. â€Å"‘Bee,'† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"‘Circle,’ for we will need a new one. I’m not sure I wish to depend on any apprentices the current lot have bred up to their ways of thinking either. We will have to hope the finding rods agree with us. I am not looking forward to prying them off Prelate, however. I suspect he will resist. I haven’t seen Prelate today at all, have you? If he’s run away I hope he left the rods behind. Is there a cup of augury, Mirasol?† â€Å"Yes,† said Mirasol, â€Å"but I haven’t learnt to use it. There’s always been so much else†¦we may not have to look for everyone. Perhaps we can start with a shepherd and a butcher.† She thought of the woman she had met the day she came to the House to borrow ponies and panniers, who had called the bee that had landed on her shirt front â€Å"little missus.† â€Å"And perhaps I know a gardener to make a third. And perhaps they will find something comfortably in common with the philosophy of a woodskeeper. And with learning by doing, when you don’t know what you’re doing.† â€Å"It has worked well enough for you,† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"For my first task I shall see to it that no one in all the demesnes under the king does not know the story of how Willowlands won back its Master from the priesthood of Elemental Fire – for that is how the tale shall go.† â€Å"Perhaps,† said the Master slowly, â€Å"some of the present Circle may think better of their Master now.† â€Å"Perhaps,† said the Grand Seneschal grimly, â€Å"but do we think better of them?† â€Å"We are all only mortal,† said the Master, even more slowly. â€Å"We do only what we can do. All the Elemental priests have certain teachings in common: one of them is that everyone, every human, every bird, badger and salamander, every blade of grass and every acorn, is doing the best it can. This is the priests’ definition of mortality: the circumstance of doing what one can is that of doing one’s best. Only the immortals have the luxury of furlough. Doing one’s best is hard work; we rely on our surroundings because we must; when our surroundings change, we stumble. If you are running as fast as you can, only a tiny roughness of the ground may make you fall.† There was a silence, and then the Grand Seneschal said: â€Å"Master, I fear that during the seven years preceding your return, we all fell.† â€Å"Yes,† said the Master. â€Å"I remember my brother. And I have not been able to smooth the way again as a Master should.† â€Å"You will be able to now,† said Mirasol. â€Å"I hope so,† said the Master. â€Å"And I think the Circle will have some new members, but perhaps not all.† The Grand Seneschal sighed. â€Å"Weatheraugur and I were friends once, when we were young in our posts, under your father’s Mastership. And Talisman†¦Talisman was a very beautiful young woman, and your brother†¦made it difficult to be a woman, and beautiful.† â€Å"I think my Circle has perhaps found it difficult to forget that I am – was – not only a priest of Fire, but brother to their previous Master.† The Grand Seneschal murmured, â€Å"When we were younger – when you and Chalice and Clearseer were still children, and your father was Master – we used to say that his sons were born in the wrong order.† â€Å"Fate does as fate wills,† said the Master. â€Å"That is a common saying to both demesne folk and Elemental priests.† â€Å"I think poor Clearseer has only not been allowed to learn his job,† said Mirasol. â€Å"There are advantages to being high in the hierarchy; I have had to find my own way because no one dared interfere – much.† â€Å"Yes,† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"I’m afraid that was one of the occasions when I stubbed my foot on the rough ground and fell.† â€Å"Oh – gods,† said Mirasol, half laughing; she had put her hand on the Seneschal’s arm and then drew it back again. â€Å"I do not even know your name. I cannot always be calling you Grand Seneschal.† â€Å"Nicandimon,† said the Grand Seneschal. â€Å"My parents – and the Grand Seneschal who apprenticed me – called me Nicci.† â€Å"Nicandimon,† said Mirasol, â€Å"for I shall not call you Nicci without exact and specific permission, you held the demesne together for almost eight years – through the time of the previous Master till the time this Master came home to us. You of all of us have earned a few falls.† â€Å"And you will offer me honey for my bruises, will you not?† â€Å"I will,† she said, smiling. Mirasol looked after the Overlord’s procession, disappearing down the drive at a smart trot – too smart, as if they were fleeing. And she looked down at the black waves of dead bees – her poor, heroic bees, and silently promised them that no one would take any honey from any hive anywhere on the demesne this season, that those that remained might rest and recover. And, she thought suddenly, I will teach all the beekeepers in Willowlands to bring their bees through the winter alive. There shall be no more killing of bees in this demesne, ever again. As she thought that, there was a faint buzzing behind her left ear, and she raised her free hand to part the tangle of her hair for the bee to escape. Before it flew away it did a little dance in front of her, as if drawing a symbol in the air, a symbol she should recognise. She thought, Left to right (do you read a bee-message from your perspective or hers?), bottom to top, and a spiral squiggle off to the side. She would go home and write it down. â€Å"Look,† said the Grand Seneschal. The little group of eight Circle members was breaking up. Five of them had, or were in the process of, removing their badges and signs of office, and laying them at the foot of the stairs. Each of the five looked toward the smaller group of the three highest-ranking of their company, still standing among the drifts of bees, and each bowed, gravely and solemnly, before squaring their shoulders and walking away. The remaining three were removing their insignia more slowly, but they did not lay them down, but carried them in their hands, and looked toward the Master. These three were Talisman, Weatheraugur and Clearseer. Mirasol found that she was still holding the Master’s hand when he squeezed hers. She looked up. Thoughtfully she said, â€Å"I think I had better marry you anyway. It is against all tradition, but we are against tradition. And we will need to protect each other.† â€Å"Well done,† said Nicandimon. â€Å"You are coming out of your woodright.† â€Å"I must,† she said. â€Å"We will have most of a new Circle to train.† The Master still had a sticky gleam of honey on his chin. He rubbed at it with his free hand, and licked his fingers. â€Å"What might a priest of Fire and a honey Chalice do together? We shall begin a new era.† Mirasol held out her pot of honey to the Grand Seneschal and said, â€Å"And with this cup I bind us three together with all the strength that the Chalice can find in me.† The Grand Seneschal smiled – and for the first time since Mirasol had known him, the smile reached his eyes. They were caramel-brown, almost the colour of dark honey. â€Å"If the Chalice would do me the honour.† And he opened his mouth, that Mirasol might tip the honey in. All around them their folk were blowing out their candle stubs, and there was a faint, pleasant aroma of charred wick and beeswax. As Mirasol lowered the honey pot again, the first of their people came up to them, to lay the candle ends at their feet among the bodies of the victorious bees; and three of those first were the butcher, the shepherd and the gardener. How to cite Chalice Chapter 18, Essay examples

Suicide Essays (1073 words) - Suicide, Youth Suicide,

Suicide Everyday 700 people between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four attempt suicide. An estimated 5,000 teens a year commits suicide in the United States. This makes suicide the second leading cause of death for teens in our country. Many of these suicides appear like accidents. Suicide is a great problem in America. (McGuire, 1990) Suicide has a terrible affect on families. It is very hard for anyone to get over the loss of a person, especially a young person. Statistics show that parents that loose a child split up within five years. The community in which a suicide victim lived is also affected; this includes friends and strangers. The teacher of Alicia Hayes, who committed suicide in May of 1996, noticed changes in her behavior and today is feeling very guilty because she did not do anything about it. Most people, including Alicia's teachers and family, will never fully get over a suicide. (Kolehmainen, Handwerk, 1986) Suicide has been around for a long time. The first written account of suicide was about 4,000 years ago in Egypt. Eskimos once practiced suicide to provide food during times when there was none. During World War II Japanese Kamikaze pilots crashed into enemy targets, this was considered honorable. Greeks and Romans believed suicide was okay. However, Hebrew's and Christians prohibit suicide, it is considered murder. Catholics believe that suicide contradicts the natural inclination of humans to preserve bodies. (Hyde, 1986; The Catechism of the Catholic Church.) Many different types of people attempt suicide. Often teens that are considered 'perfect' are so pre-occupied with achieving approval of 'other people's goals'. 'Rebels' cover up their feelings with anger and bullying. Drug users try to escape their pain through drugs. All of these people may end up feeling empty inside, which could result in depression then suicide. (Hyde, 1986) There are many reasons for someone to commit suicide. One is to get relief from an intolerable state of mind or situation. Another is to make everyone see they are desperate. A new trend is to show how much they love someone. Or they are just miserable and nothing can change that. Suicide attempts are not hereditary. A dramatic event that threatens their happiness is often a cause. Strong demands are put on teens today that may cause depression. A parent loosing a job or a poor economic situation may cause much stress. (Hyde, 1986; McGuire, 1990) Pregnancy may cause intolerable pressure that may also end in suicide. Sexual abuse by a family member could lead to various mental problems. In a recent interview 'Jane Doe' said that she tried to commit suicide because she was severely depressed about being sexually abused by her stepfather. Not fitting in at school or with friends is another stressful experience on teens. Puberty brings on many emotions that some are not ready for. Almost everyone needs a close friend to share his or her feelings, hopes, and dreams. Some people have trouble developing or keeping relationships. (McGuire, 1990; Doe, 1997) In today's society models, with 'perfect' bodies, are young girls idols. Not seeing yourself as 'perfect' can cause a lack of self-esteem. Everyone must love himself or herself to survive. Anger turned inward can bottle up then someday will explode. Teens need a release from anger; no one can keep it locked away for long. Exercise and better communication with parents could relieve anger and stress caused by anger. (McGuire, 1990) Stress is a big problem with teens today. Teens today have different problems, some parents are getting divorces and some teens feel it is their fault. Teens also have so many pressures like sex and smoking. Someone needs to reach teens and help them in their struggles. Better stress programs in high school will relieve the hard transition from middle school to high school. To prevent more suicides, we should have better impact counseling. This could have prevented the deaths of two California teens in 1996. (Kolehmainen, Handwerk 1986; Time, 1996) Drugs are also a big problem; teens are constantly faced with them in the media, music, and even movies. A large percentage of youth suicide victims were drug abusers before their deaths, some think this may be a trigger. America needs more graphic programs that

An Indiscreet Conversation on Hiring Essay Example

An Indiscreet Conversation on Hiring Essay Example An Indiscreet Conversation on Hiring Essay An Indiscreet Conversation on Hiring Essay An Indiscreet Conversation on Hiring Case Study 2 Jerdson L. Gamble Lasell College Abstract The purpose of this case study is to examine the legitimacy of the hiring agenda of four friends Joe, Steven, Matt, and Andrew. The major issue focused on in this paper will be the hiring process, discrimination, employment qualifications, and employment equity. In all this paper will review the responsibility that managers have when thinking about when decisions to make when hiring especially in high-risk reward situations. An Indiscreet Conversation on Hiring Case Study 2 This case study is centered on the question of hiring a qualified candidate. The candidate is very well qualified and happens to be a female. During the conversation about the consideration of hiring the candidate it is clear that because of her experience, education and other qualifications that she would be the best fit for the job. However, the idea that the candidate may be ready to get married and have kids becomes an issue for the men who are making the hiring decision. During the conversation, it comes to light that two other candidates have been interviewed. The other two candidate options happen to be male. Both male options have similar education backgrounds to the female candidate however they do have less work experience than the female candidate. In the eyes of Joe, Steven, Matt, and Andrew this decision ultimately come down to coast benefit analysis or a risk-reward decision. Regardless of how these men view this decision, because they bought her potential pregnancy into the conversation they are now working with a decision based around sexism and gender discrimination. The Conversation The conversation becomes an issue when, according to Fundamentals of Executive Management (2011), Joes brings up the fact that he has just interviewed a very well deserving candidate for a new position. Joe loves the fact that she has an Ivey League MBA and also has a work background to match. However, Joe does remember that she did say that the reason she wanted to move from New York to Canada is because she intendeds to start a family. With this information on the table for discussion, Joe does his best to not sound as if his concerns are purely sexists. Joe’s reasoning for his concerns seem legitimate as he is concerned that he will not be able to afford the time and money that it will take to replace the female candidate during maternity leave. Joe is in a tough position. Drucker (2009) suggest that making the right people decisions is the best way to lead an organization. It seems that in this cases Joe may not be able to lead by making a good decision no matter what side of the argument he chooses. When looking at the ideas of Drucker (2009) however, Joe would understand that â€Å"even if executives follow his decision steps, some of their people decisions will still fail† (p. 66). Even knowing this however, Drucker suggest that a good manager still has to be able to make these types of high-risk decisions about hiring someone. Overall, when upper management makes a bad decision, Drucker suggest that he is failing the organization. People decisions are not the only decision that a manager has to make but they are a very important part of what they do. In all, a manager’s ability to choose good people will reflect a manager’s ability to lead the organization in the right direction. Moreover, despite the fact that Joe is having this conversation just with his friends the decision he makes will ultimately be seen by the rest of the organization. Drucker (2009) suggest that even if you try to keep other employees out of the loop with hiring decision, that those decisions ultimately cannot be kept a secret. Employees will ultimately see what decision are being made and will be able to understand what they mean. What Joe has to think about, as a risk outside of his investment in her maternity is the risk of loosing the respect of the organization. Lawler (2003) suggest that, â€Å"organizations must hire people who fit with their values, core competencies, and strategic goals† (p. 106). For Joe to be the leader that his organization needs he must look into ways to make his decision making within the hiring process more clearly defined and more disciplined. One suggestion for Joe would be to follow one of Drukers 2009) decision steps by looking at a number of potentially qualified people. Given the information that has been given in the case study Joe has only looked at three candidates to this point. Drucker suggest that â€Å"an executive should look at three to five qualified candidates† (p. 63). In all, Joe must make good decision based on qualifications for the job. Doing so will improve his leadership and maintain the respect and willingness to perform by his organization. The question of sexism does come into play in this case study. However, that is a distraction to the real problem. Joe is trying to make decisions based on criteria that has little to do with his needs for the organization. Reference Drucker, P. F. (2009). Classic Drucker: essential wisdom of Peter Drucker from the pages of Harvard Business Review.. Boston: Harvard Business Review Book. Pierce, J. L. , Newstrom, J. W. (1990). The Managers bookshelf: a mosaic of contemporary views (2nd ed. ). New York: Harper Row. Mark, K. (2011). Fundamentals of executive management . New York: McGraw-Hill.

What Is the SAT Adversity Score What Does It Mean for You

What Is the SAT Adversity Score What Does It Mean for You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Last Thursday, the College Board announced via the Wall Street Journal that it has been testing out a project where, along with students' SAT scores, colleges see each student's "Overall Disadvantage Level," or their "adversity score." In this article, we'll go over what we know so far about the adversity score and how it might affect college admissions. We'll also give some tips on how to limit what information about you the College Board can use to calculate your adversity score. We'll keep this article updated as new information comes out on the adversity score, so be sure to check back periodically. What Is the SAT Adversity Score? The SAT adversity score, also known as a student's Overall Disadvantage Level, is a number that the College Board calculates from information it has about different aspects of an SAT test taker's life about the disadvantages they've faced.This score is visible to colleges and institutional score report recipients only; if you're a test-taker and you look at your SAT scores in your College Board account, you won't see this information. The College Board states that the adversity score is on a scale of 1 to 100, with 100 denoting test takers with the least amount of hardship and 0 the test takers with the most amount of hardship. Just what information goes into the adversity score calculation, though? The Wall Street Journal initially listed 12 factors that were used to determine a test taker's "adversity index." Further elaboration about how this adversity score is shared with colleges can be seen in the screenshot posted by the College Board: In the above image, you can see that the "Overall Disadvantage Level" (aka the adversity score) appears as part of an "Environmental Context" report, which is just one of several reports shown on the dashboard through which colleges view test takers' scores in context. From this screenshot, it's also possible to see that the "Disadvantage Level" calculated by the College Board draws from data in broad categories like college attendance, family stability, median family income, housing stability, education level, and crime, for both the applicant's high school and neighborhood. The only information on the Environmental Context Dashboard based on information about test-takers as invididuals is their SAT score. As per the College Board, the Environmental Context Dashboard (including adversity scores) was first used in a pilot study of 50 schools 2018-2019, with expansion to 150 schools planned for Fall 2019 and a more widespread release in the following year. Specific schools named as having had access to the adversity score for this past year's admission cycle include Florida State University, University of Michigan, Trinity, and Yale. How the SAT Adversity Score Is Calculated In contrast to the initial reporting from the Wall Street Journal, the adversity score does not take things like whether test-takers are English Language Learners or have differing AP opportunities into account. The following information is included on the Environmental Context Dashboard but is not actually used to calculate a student's "Overall Disadvantage Level" (aka adversity score). SAT Score in High School Context Applicant's SAT score compared to the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile scores from their high school* High School General Information Senior class size Free/reduced-price lunch rate Rural/urban Average SAT score of colleges students from that high school attend* %age of seniors taking an AP Exam* Average number of AP Exam taken* Average AP score from that high school* Number of unique AP exams administered at that high school* Instead, the adversity score is calculated using the following 31 publicly-available data points on test-takers' neighborhoods and high school environments*: Income and Family Structure median family income poverty rate % of families with children in poverty % of families that are single-parent families with children % of families that are single-parent families with children in poverty % of households with food stamps Housing % of housing units that are rental % of housing units that are vacant what % of income rent is Educational Attainment % of adults with less than a 4-year college degree % of adults with less than a high school diploma % of adults with agriculture jobs % of adults with nonprofessional jobs % unemployed college-going behavior Probability of being a victim of a crime (neighborhood-level only) *As of this article's publication, it's not entirely clear how the College Board is calculating things like "percentage of housing units that are vacant" for test-takers' high school environments (since in general, teachers do not actually live in schools). We'll update with more information as it becomes available. Why Did the College Board Create the Adversity Score? Based on quotes from the College Board's CEO David Coleman, it's clear that the main reason for this score is that the College Board is trying to show that the effort and "resourcefulness" needed to get a certain score differs drastically between test takers, depending on certain advantages or disadvantages the test taker starts out with. This is not the first time the College Board or the SAT's creator ETS has tried to contextualize SAT scores for colleges. According to the Wall Street Journal, one attempt to do this happened in the early 1990s, when Winton Manning (an ETS researcher) worked on creating a modified SAT score that took "background factors" into account called the Measure of Academic Talent. Far more extreme a change than the current adversity score, the MAT ended up being scrapped ostensibly due to lack of resources. In 1999, the ETS decided to take another crack at giving colleges more information about how SAT scores should be weighed. Through the Wall Street Journal, ETS announced that it was creating a program called Strivers, which would identify students whose actual SAT score exceeded their expected SAT score by 200 points or more as strivers. This expected SAT score was calculated using "14 different categories, including family income, parents' education level and high-school socioeconomic mix" (Wall Street Journal). (Sound familiar?) After public outcry, ETS decided not to go forward with the Strivers program in 1999. Archival footage of ETS circa 1999 before they announced the Strivers program. In 2019, it's not entirely surprising that the College Board is yet again trying out the idea that they should give more information to colleges about SAT test takers than just a single test score. As more and more colleges are becoming test-optional or test-flexible and events like the recent college admissions scandal and the more regular SAT/ACT cheating scandals continue to occur, it makes sense that the College Board would want to give colleges a reason to continue using the SAT as part of college admissions. While the information that the College Board is using to calculate the adversity scores for students is available to colleges anyway, being able to use a single score to compare students will save schools a lot of work; it's part of the logic behind using standardized test scores in the first place, after all. Or to look at it from a more optimistic point of view, the new adversity score will make it easier for colleges to identify students whose got the score against the odds, rather than with them. Now that we've discussed some of the general reasons why the College Board might have decided to implement the adversity score, we're going to move on to going over specific positive and negative aspects of the program. Pros of the SAT Adversity Score Although it's easy to dismiss as pointless or silly, the SAT adversity score does have some positive features. #1: It's a Sign the College Board Is Trying In recent years, the College Board has taken substantial steps towards trying to level the SAT prep playing field. By providing the entire Official Guide to the SAT, including eight official practice tests, for free on CollegeBoard.org, the College Board instantly became more accessible to test takers around the world of varying income levels. College Board's partnership with Khan Academy is another step in the direction of removing economic barriers from SAT prep (even if some aspects of the partnership means that relying on Khan Academy alone to prep won't necessarily be enough for everyone). As positive as they are, though, none of these measures so far have resulted in eliminating the gap between students of different races, income level, and parents' education level. So the fact that the College Board is seeking to account for this difference by giving test takers an explicit score that says "oh, this is why there might be that difference" could be seen as another attempt to get rid of SAT score gaps. #2: More Data = More Robustness The College Board regularly releases data on how certain factors like race and household income can affect SAT scores, even controlling for other factors. However, these reports don't really get into more complicated effects of how multiple factors interact (e.g. gender, household income, and highest level of parental education achieved), likely because it is difficult to explain these interactions and because the effects might not reach statistical significance. For the adversity score, however, statistical significance is not really relevant. Rather than having to justify why the 31 factors used in the adversity score have a significant effect on SAT scores, the College Board is just calculating the adversity score and handing it to colleges with a "Here, this is the Overall Disadvantage Level of the test taker." The colleges can then decide whether or not that's a metric worth considering, which brings me to the next pro of the adversity score. #3: It's Not Mandatory for Colleges to Consider Just because the College Board provides this data to colleges doesn't mean that admissions officers have to take it into account. In contrast to the proposed early '90s MAT, the adversity score will not actually change an applicant's SAT score. Colleges who want to build more economically diverse classes can use applicants' adversity scores to inform their admissions policies, while colleges who place less importance on this can choose to ignore it. #4: It Doesn't Explicitly Use Race as a Factor Unlike the previous "Strivers" program, which worked best when race was used as a factor, the current SAT adversity score skirts using race as an explicit factor in its calculations. Many of the factors used have traditionally been strongly correlated with race when it comes to SAT performance, so the adversity score still captures some of that discrepancy, even though race itself is omitted. Why is the College Board using this roundabout approach to try to account for SAT performance differences between test takers of different races? The recent Wall Street Journal article makes the insightful observation that this may help schools maintain diversity if even the appearance of race-based affirmative action is outlawed. Since the adversity score is calculated by the College Board, a third party, and the schools (presumably) don't know exactly what weight is given to various factors, only that race isn't one of them, then they may have a better chance at keeping the right to use the adversity score as a way to create diversity in their incoming classes. Because of this, we've landed on the side of the adversity score not including race being a marginally positive factor, but we'll have to see how things play out. Cons of the SAT Adversity Score Despite the positive aspects of the adversity score, we have some concerns about how this new feature will affect testing and admissions. #1: It Doesn't Actually Close the Score Gaps While it's admirable that the College Board is willing to publicly acknowledge that there are score differences between students from different backgrounds, and that it's harder for some students to get to a certain SAT score than for others, the adversity score doesn't actually change any of this. Imagine that you're talking to a teacher about how you've noticed that there is one female composer on the syllabus for a music survey class, and your teacher responds by giving you background into why it was harder for women to make their livings as composers or publicly assert they were composers, particularly if they were women of color. Yes, it's helpful to have that background to contextualize why fewer female composers are widely known, but that still doesn't change the fact that you're only listening to music by men. And don't get me started on Amy Beach Mrs. H. H. A. Beach. #2: None of This Is New Information The data going into the adversity score calculations is data that colleges can access from the public domain anyway. In compiling the data necessary to calculate the adversity score for each test taker and then presenting schools with those numbers, the College Board is essentially doing a huge amount of labor for free for schools. I discussed earlier in this article that a possible motivation for the College Board doing this free labor is to give schools a reason to keep using the SAT as part of college admissions. The fact that the College Board is doing admissions offices' jobs for them with this adversity score does not directly harm test takers and applicants. However, it does indirectly mean that the College Board is spending more of its resources trawling through data to give colleges information they have already and less resources on improving the SAT and making actual progress on eliminating score gaps. #3: It Will Increase Anxiety Among Test Takers and College Applicants It's not surprising that the College Board has so far declined to explain exactly how they calculate each student's adversity score; there's really no advantage to them doing so. The opacity of the whole adversity score program, however, from students not knowing it was going on at all last year or what schools were/are using it to students not being able to see it or know how it was calculated, is likely to increase anxiety and stress levels among SAT test takers and college applicants using SAT scores. We'll update this if and when more information comes out, because some of the categories listed are so broadly named ("college-attending behavior," I'm looking at you) that it's hard to know what they mean. And, speaking as a former high schooler, knowing that there's yet another part of the college admissions process that you can't control, can't see, but affects your admission would have driven me even further up the wall. #4: There's a Disproportionate Effect on Domestic Applicants Something the College Board didn't really address in any of its public statements through news organizations is how the new adversity score is going to be more easily calculated for US test takers than for international test takers. All of the data used to calculate the adversity score come from public records. And although some countries may have this information published freely in easily accessible formats, it's not a stretch to imagine that it's going to be a lot easier to gather things like housing values and vacancy rates for students who live in the United States. If schools are aware of this discrepancy and are specifically looking to increase their diversity when it comes to test takers in the US with certain adversity scores, fine. But it's inevitable that this is going to lead to some US applicants feeling like international applicants are getting a leg up in this regard. #5: Factors Are Still Too Broad Even though the adversity score takes 31 factors into account, some of these factors are still relatively broad or limited. Take a factor like "college-going behavior." Does this refer to the percentage of people in the neighborhood/parents who went to a 2-year college/some college but dropped out/any college at all? (If so, that's a double factoring of "% not attending a 4-year college" into the adversity score.) Whether people attended public or private schools? What degree you earned? What the average college-going rate is for parents of students at your school? In your county? State? Country? I realize that it's impossible for the College Board to get really granular with all of these factors, particularly since they're relying on publicly-available data, but that's why college admissions offices look at specific information about things like parent education level, rather than a score that aggregates that along with other information. What Does the New Adversity Score Mean for Your Admissions Chances? Because the fact that there is an adversity score is still relatively fresh, it's possible there may be changes to how the adversity score is used by schools or if the College Board continues with this program (since it's still being tested on a relatively small sample of schools). The best evidence of how the adversity score might affect your chances comes from the two schools discussed in the Wall Street Journal article, Yale and FSU. The dean of undergraduate admissions at Yale was quoted about how the adversity score was a positive influence in building a freshman class with more diversity. In the article, it was also noted that the assistant vice president for academic affairs at FSU stated "SAT adversity scores helped boost nonwhite enrollment in the incoming freshman class." If you use your SAT Essay-analytical skills, you'll notice that the Yale and FSU representatives are pretty vague about the affect the adversity score has had (e.g. "boost nonwhite enrollment" could mean either that nonwhite enrollment doubled or that one more nonwhite student enrolled). Still, based on this admittedly small sample size, the clear commonality is that the adversity score is being used by colleges who have access to it to increase diversity in admissions to some extent. This is unsurprising- it's hard to imagine what else schools would admit to using the adversity score for. If you're a test taker who could reasonably assume you'd have a low adversity score (two-parent household in a wealthy neighborhood with lots of parents with jobs involving post-graduate degrees), then it is possible your chances of admission may be negatively affected by the adversity score (assuming the schools you apply to are one of the 150 schools the College Board plans to have this program rolled out to in the fall). The provocative quote from the assistant vice president for academic affairs at FSU with which the Wall Street Journal chose to end its article puts it this way: "If I am going to make room for more of the [poor and minority] students we want to admit and I have a finite number of spaces, then someone has to suffer and that will be privileged kids on the bubble." (Wall Street Journal). Granted that the Wall Street Journal literally has "Wall Street" in its name and its own motivations for choosing the quotes it did to publish, the FSU representative isn't necessarily wrong (and presumably would know for his own school, at the very least). If a school you're applying to uses the adversity score and you're a middle-of-the-road applicant with few disadvantages, it might not be as easy as it was previously to get into some of the colleges you want to get into. One of the pieces of anecdotal feedback the College Board reports in its post about the adversity score tends to back up this assumption: "For some admissions offices, the tool was most useful for borderline acceptances and students who went to committee. For others, it was valuable for students from nonfeeder high schools and areas they are less familiar with." (bolding mine) So it's likely that the effect of the adversity score will be most felt by applicants who were already on the edge of acceptance/rejection for schools. If there are two applicants who have the same SAT score, have borderline GPAs, letters of recommendation, and personal statements, it's conceivable that colleges who see and use the adversity score would some of the time choose the applicant with the higher adversity score. But as you can tell from our qualifying and italicizing throughout this article, it's not a certainty. One final point about the adversity score is that college admissions is not actually a zero-sum game. Yes, each school has a target number of students that they want to admit, but they're not going to reject you because they're one over their quota of admitted students with overall levels of disadvantage. The adversity score as a way to attempt to recognize the achievements of students who had to overcome certain disadvantages does not nullify the achievements of students who didn't. Recap: Understanding the SAT Adversity Score We know this is kind of a long article, so here's a quick rundown of some of the main takeaways: The College Board is trying out giving some schools an adversity score for individual test takers, which is supposed to indicate how the test taker's "Overall Disadvantage Level" compares to the average test taker. The adversity score uses information about test-takers' neighborhood and high school environments, but does not use any information specific to any individual test-taker The College Board may be doing this to try to account for the score gap between students with different backgrounds or to try to make sure colleges don't do away with standardized testing as part of admissions (or a combination of the two). The factors used to calculate the adversity score include some traditionally associated with race, but do not explicitly include race. The existence of an adversity score could be good because it shows the College Board is at least making some attempt to ameliorate score gap issues, draws from different factors that it was previously hard to account for, and isn't mandatory for colleges to consider. The existence of an adversity score isn't great because it doesn't actually fix the score gap problem, doesn't actually provide new information, is likely to increase anxiety among test takers and college applicants, will disproportionately affect domestic test takers, and still relies on some undefined categories of data for calculation. The people most affected by this will likely be students on the cusp of admittance, where having a high adversity score might tip the scales in favor of one applicant over another. As a final take away, we want to stress that admissions is not going to necessarily be "easier" for applicants with higher adversity scores than it is for students with lower ones. The College Board just wants colleges to take into account that it was likely harder for a students with high adversity scores to get the scores they did on the SAT than for students with the same SAT score but lower adversity scores. We expect to see more in the news about the new adversity score in the weeks and month to come, so stay tuned for updates to this article. Us to the College Board right now. What's Next? Interested in reading about more standardized testing shenanigans? Check out our articles on the Harvard race-based discrimination lawsuit and past SAT/ACT cheating scandals. What does it take to be an outstanding applicant, adversity aside? Learn how to get into the most elite universities in the US with PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng's guide on Harvard and the Ivy League. You don't get to see the adversity score, but your SAT score report does show you lots of other interesting information. Find out what you can learn from your score report here. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Influence of Marketing Channels on the Marketing Mix Essay

The Influence of Marketing Channels on the Marketing Mix - Essay Example The marketing channel includes every aspect of the business, from the product concept to the guarantee of its value or usefulness. There are two essential parts of a marketing channel namely the physical distribution structure which moves a product from the manufacturer to the consumer, and the marketing structure which is meant to ensure the achievement of marketing objectives. When a manufacturer designs a product to offer to the market (goods or services) he/she will consider first what are the customer needs to be addressed, what benefits will satisfy these needs and thus what features the product design should contain so as to deliver these benefits. The good manufacturer will employ this process of product definition, in the order above. Manufacturers stand at the top of the supply chain and can use a variety of sales, marketing, and physical distribution systems to connect their products with customers. Since the marketing channel is such a comprehensive concept which forms the relationship between the manufacturer, the distributor and the consumer, every aspect of the marketing channel affects the products or services mix, the distribution mix, or the communications mix. Suppliers and distributors have a great influence on the success of a firm. Distribution issues come into play heavily in deciding brand level strategies. In order to maintain one's brand image, it may be essential that retailers and other channel members provide certain services such as warranty repairs and carrying a large assortment of accessories.  Ã‚  

Transforming Traditional Views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transforming Traditional Views - Essay Example rvation movements stand to preserve the environment from being consumed further because it would create significant and damaging changes to the state of the world. It is difficult for these movements to gain support when most people are either ignorant to the damages being done to the environment, or not taking to account the dangerous effects it has to life and property. It is also difficult to gain support from majority of a global population that just wants to consume as much as they want or need. If the status quo does not change, these movements will just end up as another intellectual or ideological movement. Ideally, however, it would be very beneficial if these movements will be able to have the substantial attention and support from majority of the world’s governments, NGO’s and whole populations. The timing now is critical as well since the damages made against the environment has already resulted to many natural disasters in different parts of the world. Now, more than ever, is a ripe time for movements and ideologies that have agendas to preserve nature to be taken with serious

History And Procedures of Gene Therapy Essay -- Biology Medical Biomed

The History And Procedures of Gene Therapy Abstract: Over the course of history there has been the idea of gene therapy has inspired many great scientists. The history of eugenics is important to the history of gene therapy because it is how gene therapy originated. Eugenics has driven many people to take extreme measures to try and make a â€Å"better human race†, this includes the Nazi party and the movement in the 1930’s inspired by Francis Galton. After that, research in eugenics continued and the human genome project sprung from the minds of scientists. After the inspiration of the human genome project scientists developed theories that gene therapy is possible. After a series of experiments that then failed, scientists were discouraged and the future of gene therapy is now being doubted. Gene therapy is an idea that has fascinated humans and scientists for centuries. Gene therapy theoretically can allow scientists to change the human genome and peoples DNA. Ideally, scientists wish to replace â€Å"bad genes† in your DNA that can potentially hurt you with good genes that will help you avoid any genetic ailment. In fact, all that scientists really want to accomplish is to replace our natural genes with unnatural ones. The idea and concept of gene therapy is not new to human history. On the contrary, gene therapy is a concept that has been fascinating the minds of many scientists and researchers over the span of many centuries. Although the idea of genes was first born during the times of Plato, the concept of gene therapy wasn’t really born until the late 1900’s. Mr. Francis Galton, who is the younger first cousin of Charles Darwin, had the idea that the human race could be improved according to the method of selective breeding.... ...The Last 80 Years in Primary Immunodeficiency: How Far Have We Come, How Far Need We Go† Shearer, William & Fischer, Alain Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Department of Allergy and Immunology. February 9, 2006. Accessed June 17. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WH4-4JS81T0-M&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2006&_alid=425456057&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=6840&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059598&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4421&md5=b273338ae3c563bfa35380a2e42aff41 United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. This Is Superfund . Jan. 2000. 16 Aug. 2002 superfund/whatissf/sfguide.htm>. Lyon, Jeff & Corner, Peter. Altered Fates: Gene Therapy and the Retooling of Human Life. W. W. Norton & Company Inc. New York, New York. P. 1995.

Landslide Limo

Compensation and Benefits strategy The key to success in the long run for your limousine company is to be at or above the national average for small business when it comes to benefits and compensation. Through research we have found that on average 54% of companies with less than 100 employees offer medical coverage for full time employees. This is the first key to acquiring topnotch experienced workers and keeping them with the company for an extended period of time. Average salary for an experienced chauffeur/limousine driver ranges from he low end of $22,000 to a high of around $38,000 in the Austin area.If your company can offer a better medical benefits package I think it may give some leeway in the starting salary Of new drivers, along with those with more experience. Three main components to consider when deciding on compensation for your employees are; the position, experience level, and customer satisfaction. As far as wages are concerned the main law that your company has t o be aware of is the Fair Labor Standards Act. This sets the federal minimum wage and the overtime requirements for your employees. Your company has to provide at the lowest and hourly rate of $7. 5 and time and a half for any hours worked over 40 hours during one workweek. (U. S. Dept. Of Labor, 2009) Employees with little to no experience can start off at $22,000 to $23,500. Starting those with all the required credentials (CDC, training, driving experience) higher because they will need no training or certification and are basically ready to begin work once hired. Your company should also consider yearly salary increases to employees who have excelled in customer service ND fulfilling their job duties.

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